Detergent is an amphiphilic substance that is consists of a complex mixture of substances which have cleaning and solubilization properties. There two types of laundry detergent: phosphate and surfactant. Phosphate detergent softens hard water while surfactant detergent enhances dispersion, emulsification, foaming, and wetting of detergents. Linear alkyl-benzyl sulfonic acid, an important component in detergent, is responsible for the dissolution rate and caking tendency of detergent. Powder detergents could be synthesized through spray drying and wet granulation. For this experiment, it aims to understand the process of making powdered detergent and identify the various roles of raw materials. The reagents were prepared based on indicated formulation. Next, sodium carbonate and LABS were vigorously mixed then CFAS, STPP, sodium sulfate, and essential were added and stirred until completely homogenized. Then, the same process was repeated for the remaining formulations. The detergents from the three formulations were partly homogenized because build-up of agglomerates was observed. From the components, CFAS and LABS acted as surfactants. STPP and sodium carbonate were determined as builders while sodium sulfate was an additive.
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Soaps and detergents are widely used in our society. Soaps are the product of the reaction between a fat and sodium hydroxide: fat + 3NaOH → glycerine + 3 soap Soap is produced industrially in four basic steps. This article lists different steps because in the industrial processes described each of these is done over several process steps, but in principle it could be done in the three steps outlined here. Step 1-Saponification A mixture of tallow (animal fat) and coconut oil is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated. The soap produced is the salt of a long chain carboxylic acid.
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African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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Soap, a by-product of saponification, is a cleaning agent composed of various surfactants-a substance that reduces water's surface tension. It was the first substitute for water as washing agents and treatment for skin diseases, becoming the oldest and most natural surfactant, and was first made from animal fats and wood ashes. Saponification is the formation salts used in making soap which is product of the reaction between triglycerides and hydroxides. This experiment aimed to produce soap in a laboratory. Hot process and cold process are the two methods used in the production of soap. The experiment started with gathering and preparing the reagents, apparatus, and equipment to be used. In cold process, a 37% NaOH solution was mixed with 100 g of coconut oil to create the soap while in hot process, the oil was heated at 70°C before the NaOH solution was poured into the beaker. Both the soap mixture from the cold and hot process were poured in a molder and were left for days until the soaps harden. The orange and white soap were made through cold process while the purple and soap were through hot process. Saponification occurred in the experiment because NaOH breaking down the oil into water-miscible compounds was observed in both processes. The objectives of the experiment, namely, understanding the soap making process and identifying the roles of the raw materials, were met. Coconut oil and NaOH were reagents required for the formation of salt used in soap. This salt emulsifies with water, when stirred continuously until it transforms into a viscous substance which hardens after a few days. Water acts as the solvent in the emulsification while the soap salt acts as the emulsifying agent. Furthermore, NaOH displays antibacterial properties which is very important in soaps.
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